In this article, we examine the legal and practical landscape for multiple and loyalty voting structures under Dutch company law. We first outline the mechanisms available
to listed N.V.s, focusing on dual-class and loyalty shares. We then provide empirical insights into how these structures are used by Dutch companies listed domestically [...]
In this article, I examine the reintroduction of multiple voting shares (MVS) in German stock corporation law. I trace their historical development, from widespread use in
the Weimar Republic to their near-total prohibition from 1937 onward. I then analyse the cautious 2023 reform that lifted the ban, allowing MVS under a highly restrictive [...]
In this article, I examine the development of multiple voting rights in French company law, with a focus on listed companies. I first outline the traditional loyalty share
system and its gradual consolidation following the Florange Act. I then analyse the 2024 reform allowing multiple voting shares (MVS) at the time of listing. [...]
In this article, we analyse the growing regulatory competition between EU Member States regarding loyalty and multiple voting shares (MVS). We compare recent legislative developments
in seven jurisdictions and examine their approaches to voting ratios, allocation criteria, majority thresholds, agenda limitations, and sunset provisions. [...]
In this article, I discuss the implications of the Multiple Voting Rights Directive of 23 October 2024, which requires EU Member States to permit multiple voting structures
for companies listing on multilateral trading facilities. I reflect on the abandonment of the one-share-onevote principle, assess the risks of excessive flexibility [...]
The London Stock Exchange’s (LSE’s) approach to dual-class shares has meandered over the decades. Dual-class shares give privileged insiders the facility to hold voting
rights that are disproportionately high compared to their economic ownership interests in the company. [...]
Laws, Vol. 14, Pages 45: Justice Delayed in the COVID-19 Era: Injunctions, Mootness, and Religious Freedom in the United States Legal System Laws doi: 10.3390/laws14040045
Authors: Karen McGuffee Tammy Garland Sherah L. Basham [...]
Social Sciences, Vol. 14, Pages 411: A Photovoice Study on the Lived Experiences of Youth and Mothers of Incarcerated Fathers and Husbands, Highlighting the Relevance of Abolitionist
Social Work Practice [...]
India being a tropical country has always been rich in biodiversity supported by its favorable climatic condition. With such potential, India has been in an ambivalent situation
wherein its biodiversity is not only an asset to the economy, but it has also been masterfully exploited by outsiders, both nations and corporations, resulting in [...]
Social Sciences, Vol. 14, Pages 410: Does Community Engagement Boost Pre- and In-Service Teachers’ 21st-Century Skills? A Mixed-Method Study Social Sciences doi: 10.3390/socsci14070410
Authors: Khaleel Alarabi Badriya AlSadrani Hassan Tairab Othman Abu Khurma Nabeeh Kasasbeh [...]
