This paper considers the question of why the non-citizenship of offenders poses an obstacle to their criminal punishment. Several proposals are rejected, including Antony Duff’s

proposal. It is proposed, instead, that governments are not authorized to punish any offender who cannot be attributed with the norm he violates. [...]

Climate governance scholars have recognized the role of public participation in improving the outcomes of climate action. Nevertheless, increasing advocacy of environmental

authoritarianism in the narratives of climate governance questions the need for and legitimacy of public participation. [...]

This article analyses how conflicts between the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety –

a typical example of the relationship between trade and environmental treaties – are dealt with at the institutional level. [...]