In recent years, investment treaty practice and arbitral case law have increasingly recognized government transparency as an obligation of international investment law. Yet,

there could hardly be less of a consensus regarding what level of transparency is required, with case law ranging from one strand requiring “total transparency” [...]

As transnational movements contest economic inequalities and demand inclusion into global decision‐making processes, new models of collaborative governance have proliferated.

Promoters of this new mode of governance suggest that it can produce “win‐win” solutions through inclusive, consensus‐based processes, if these arenas of [...]

AbstractReal-time actionable threat intelligence is an emerging defense concept focused on detection and mitigation of cyber threats. The sharing of this information between

parties reduces duplication of effort and allows one organization’s detection to become another’s prevention. [...]

AbstractTechnological advances have resulted in organizations digitalizing many parts of their operations. The threat landscape of cyberattacks is rapidly changing and the

potential impact of such attacks is uncertain, because there is a lack of effective metrics, tools and frameworks to understand and assess the harm organizations [...]

AbstractConsumer-facing cybercrime is an increasing concern for individuals and societies. Nevertheless, current estimates of its costs are unreliable and there is no consensus

on adequate measurement methods. This article presents a tailored survey instrument, which explicitly asks for monetary and non-monetary cybercrime losses and protection [...]

AbstractOnline and offline storage of digital currency present conflicting risks for a Bitcoin exchange. While bitcoins stored on online devices are continually vulnerable

to malware and other network-based attacks, offline reserves are endangered on access, as transferring bitcoins requires the exposure of otherwise encrypted and secured [...]

AbstractCyber-threats have been successfully targeting the financial sector worldwide. While much of the efforts and resources to address the risk imposed by these cyber threats

are directed at developed economies, far less attention has been devoted to developing nations. [...]

AbstractUpon the General Data Protection Regulation’s (GDPR) application on 25 May 2018 across the European Union, new legal requirements for the protection of personal data

will be enforced for data controllers operating within the EU territory. While the principles encompassed by the GDPR were mostly welcomed, two of them, namely the [...]