This article presents court accounts as a source for research on the structure of royal court personnel in late medieval Poland. It addresses issues related to the organisation
of this state institution and the shape and functioning of the Polish royal court during the reign of Casimir IV Jagiellon (1447–1492) and John Albert (1492–1501). [...]
This article explores the complex landscape of decision-making for children who are in need of care and protection. It sets out some of the challenges when ascertaining children's
views and emphasises the importance of protecting children's rights by involving them meaningfully in all decisions that affect their family life; by recording their [...]
This article explores the impacts of the response to COVID-19 on the rights of children in conflict with the law. It focuses on three significant rights issues: responding
to all children as children (UNCRC, Article 1); non-discrimination (UNCRC, Article 2) and deprivation of liberty as a last resort (UNCRC, Article 37). [...]
Paragraph 1 of Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) (UN, 1989) gives children the right to express their views freely in all matters
affecting them and for their views to be given due weight in accordance with their age and maturity. [...]
Amicable dispute settlement methods play a major role in the resolution of civil and commercial disputes. These mechanisms present advantages to the parties as compared to
arbitration and litigation. The Civil Code of 1960 contains provisions on Conciliation and Compromise, which set out the minimum legal framework for practical use [...]
This article examines the jurisprudence of the Council of Constitutional Inquiry (CCI) and the House of Federation (HoF) in resolving constitutional disputes with a view to
identifying the principles/approaches utilized in their decisions and its human rights implication. [...]
Whether preliminary inquiry should be conducted following completion of criminal investigation was one of the issues that arose in criminal proceedings of leaders of some opposition
parties who were arrested (in June and July 2020) following the assassination of Hachalu Hundessa. [...]
Ethiopia had revolutions in 1974 and 1991, after which the Provisional Military Administration Council (‘PMAC’) and Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front
(‘EPRDF’) governments came to power, respectively. Each incoming government re-established and re-structured the courts. [...]
Ethiopia’s former and current anti-terrorism laws recognize information obtained through court authorized interception as evidence in counterterrorism prosecutions. This
comment briefly examines Federal High Court rulings in two counterterrorism prosecutions where the accused challenged the admissibility of intercepted materials into [...]
application/pdf ; ドイツ刑法第13条では，不作為が作為によって構成要件を実現した場合と相応である場合に処罰に値すると規定している。けれども，本条の存在する理由や，明示的な法的要件があるにもかかわらず，その意味がまったく不明確である等，追究すべき問題が今もある。1975年にはじめて規定されることになったのであるが，制定過程において喧々諤々の議論が交わされ，ヴィルヘルム・ガラスの等価値性条項の提案によって一件落着するという経緯があった。しかしその後も相応性の比較基準が不明確であるということから，相応性条項はまったく「何も言っていない」「内容がない」ため，意味がないと考える学説もある。これに対し，他国の立法を見ると，ドイツ刑法のように不作為犯を明文で規定するところもある。そのため，相応性の内容を明らかにすることは罪刑法定主義の見地からも重要と言える。本稿では，構成要件該当結果に視点を向け，客観的帰属の理論から相応性条項を構成する。ワーグナー氏は，結果無価値は，結果発生自体だけでなく，結果の行為への帰属可能性も含む概念として理解しつつ，結果の客観的帰属が肯定される場合に相応性[...]
